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生活,習俗,文學
生活,习俗,文学
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Sòng dài
the Song dynasty (960-1279)
Wáng ān shí
Song dynasty politician and writer, one of the Eight Giants
Yuán rì
a seven-character quatrain, a poem depicting the Lunar New Year.Wang Zhihuan composed in the Song Dynasty.
bào zhú shēng
N
sound of firecrackers
zhōng
N
in, among, admidst
yí
Num
one
suì
N
year
chú
V
to remove
chūn fēng
N
spring breeze
sòng
V
to deliver
nuǎn
Adj
warm
rù
V
to enter
Tú sū
Tusu wine
qiān mén wàn hù
Phrase
numerous housholds
tóng tóng
Adj
describe the scene or other objects as bright and radiant
rì
N
sun
zǒng
Adv
always
bǎ
Prep
with resulative complements
xīn
Adj
new
táo
N
peach charm
huàn
V
to exchange,to switch
jiù
Adv
used, old
fú
N
symbol
shuō dào
Phrase
to talk about, to mention, speaking of
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
nǐ
Pron
you
huì
V
will; would; be likely to
xiǎng dào
Phrase
to think of
shén me
Pron
what
shì
V
to be
xiǎng shēng
N
sound
jí
Adv
very, extremely
dà
Adj
big, large
de
Ptc
modifier marker
biān pào
N
firecracker
hái shi
Conj
or
hóng tōng tōng
Adj
bright red; glowing; all of in a glow
de
Ptc
modifier marker
chūn lián
N
couplets
Zhōng guó
Proper Noun
China
gǔ dài
N
ancient times
wén xué jiā
N
writer;man of letters
Wáng ān shí
Song dynasty politician and writer, one of the Eight Giants
céng
Adv
once
xiě
V
to write
chū
V
to go out, to come out
miáo shù
V
to describe
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
chǎng jǐng
N
scenes
de
Ptc
modifier marker
yì
Num
one
shǒu
M
measure word for poems and songs
shī
N
poetry
míng
N
name
wéi
Prep
to be
Yuán rì
a seven-character quatrain, a poem depicting the Lunar New Year.Wang Zhihuan composed in the Song Dynasty.
shī
N
poetry
lǐ
N
interior, inside
chú le
Prep
except, besides, in addition to
yǒu
V
there is;exist
yòng
V
to use
yǐ
Grammar
in accordance with;by
qū zhú
V
to banish
xié wù
N
evil thing
de
Ptc
modifier marker
bào zhú
N
firecracker
hái
Adv
also, in addition to
yǒu
V
there is;exist
gǔ rén
N
people of ancient times
hē
V
to drink
lái
N
來(lái)+V, to come to do something
bì miǎn
V
to avoid
wēn yì
N
plague
de
Ptc
modifier marker
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
gèng
Adv
further; more
yǒu
V
there is;exist
guà
V
to hang
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
mén
N
door, gate
biān
N
side, refer to sides of a point of reference
yǐ
Grammar
in accordance with;by
zhī
Ptc
of
qū zhú
V
to banish
xié wù
N
evil thing
de
Ptc
modifier marker
táo fú
N
peach charm
ràng
V
to let, to make
rén men
N
people
kě yǐ
V
can
cóng
Prep
from
shī
N
poetry
zhōng
N
in, among, admidst
xiǎng qǐ
V
to recall
gǔ rén
N
people of ancient times
huān qìng
V
to celebrate
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
de
Ptc
modifier marker
gè
Pron
each, every
zhǒng
M
classifier for types, kinds
xí sú
N
custom
yǔ
Conj
and
rè nao
Adj
bustling with noise and excitement, lively
chǎng jǐng
N
scenes
gǔ shí
Phrase
de
Ptc
modifier marker
bào zhú
N
firecracker
yǔ
Conj
and
xiàn dài rén
Phrase
modern day people, people today
fàng
V
to light; to set off
de
Ptc
modifier marker
biān pào
N
firecracker
bù
Adv
not
gǔ shí
Phrase
de
Ptc
modifier marker
bào zhú
N
firecracker
shì
V
to be
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
nóng lì
N
lunar calendar
zhēng yuè
N
first month of the Lunar Year
chū yī
N
first day of the Lunar Year
shí
N
time
tōng guò
Prep
by means of;by way of;by;through;via
shāo
V
to burn
zhú zi
N
bamboo
de
Ptc
modifier marker
fāng shì
N
way; method
ràng
V
to let, to make
zhú zi
N
bamboo
bào liè
V
to explode
yǐ
Grammar
in accordance with;by
fā chū
V
to issue (an order, decree etc)
xiǎng shēng
N
sound
xī wàng
V
to hope, to want, to wish
kě yǐ
V
can
yòng lái
Phrase
to be used to
qū zhú
V
to banish
xié wù
N
evil thing
rú jīn
N
nowadays; now
zhè
Pron
this, these
zhǒng
M
classifier for types, kinds
bào zhú
N
firecracker
de
Ptc
modifier marker
fāng shì
N
way; method
yǐ jīng
Adv
already, have + p.p.
bèi
Ptc
a passive marker, is commonly used in translating English passive sentences
biān pào
N
firecracker
suǒ
Ptc
a verbal marker (marking what comes after as a verb)
qǔ dài
V
to replace
chú le
Prep
except, besides, in addition to
bào zhú
N
firecracker
táo fú
N
peach charm
yě
Adv
also
shì
V
to be
gǔ rén
N
people of ancient times
guò nián
V
to spend the Lunar New Year 's holidays, to celebrate the Chinese New Year
bì bèi
Adj
essential
de
Ptc
modifier marker
dōng xi
N
things, stuff
gǔ rén
N
people of ancient times
xiāng xìn
V
to believe in, to trust
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
zhēng yuè
N
first month of the Lunar Year
chū yī
N
first day of the Lunar Year
yòng
V
to use
táo mù
N
mahogany
xiě
V
to write
shàng
Ptc
start to connect
shén míng
N
god
míng zi
N
name
zài
Adv
then
bǎ
Prep
moving an object to a location
zhè xiē
Pron
these
táo fú
N
peach charm
guà
V
to hang
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
mén
N
door, gate
biān
N
side, refer to sides of a point of reference
jiù
Adv
then; in that case
néng
V
can, be able to, be capable of
qū zhú
V
to banish
xié wù
N
evil thing
hòu lái
Adv
afterwards, later, then
rén men
N
people
kāi shǐ
V
to begin, to start to
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
táo fú
N
peach charm
xiě
V
to write
jí lì
Adj
auspicious
de
Ptc
modifier marker
huà
N
speech, talk, language; dialect
zhè
Pron
this, these
jiù
Adv
precisely, exactly
shì
V
to be
chūn lián
N
couplets
de
Ptc
modifier marker
yóu lái
N
origin
yǒu qù
Adj
interesting
de
Ptc
modifier marker
shì
V
to be
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
hē
V
to drink
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
yě
Adv
also
shì
V
to be
gǔ dài
N
ancient times
guò nián
V
to spend the Lunar New Year 's holidays, to celebrate the Chinese New Year
de
Ptc
modifier marker
xí sú
N
custom
zhī yī
Phrase
one of (sth)
zhì jīn
Adv
until now
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
yǐn yòng
V
to drink
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
de
Ptc
modifier marker
xí sú
N
custom
yǐ jīng
Adv
already, have + p.p.
shī chuán
V
to be lost
jù shuō
V
it is said that; reportedly
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
shì
V
to be
Zhōng guó
Proper Noun
China
gǔ dài
N
ancient times
míng yī
N
famous doctor
Huá tuó
Hua Tuo (?-208), famous doctor at the end of Han Dynasty
bǎ
Prep
with resulative complements
gè
Pron
each, every
zhǒng
M
classifier for types, kinds
zhōng yào
N
traditional Chinese medicine
pào
V
to soak
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
zhōng
N
in, among, admidst
ér
Conj
then, so that
niàng
V
to brew
chéng
Ptc
into
de
Ptc
(是)...的／(shì)... de, to focus, it was A that B. This pattern the main message of the sentence.
gǔ rén
N
people of ancient times
xiāng xìn
V
to believe in, to trust
hē
V
to drink
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
kě yǐ
V
can
bì miǎn
V
to avoid
wēn yì
N
plague
ràng
V
to let, to make
rén
N
person, people
huó
V
to live, to stay active, to survive
de
Ptc
used after a verb (V, Vp, Vs/Adj) linking it to following Phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc.
gèng
Adv
further; more
cháng jiǔ
Adj
permanently;for a long time
yóu yú
Conj
thanks to;due to;because of
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
de
Ptc
modifier marker
jiǔ jīng
N
alcohol
nóng dù
N
concentration (percentage of dissolved material in a solution)
bù
Adv
not
gāo
Adj
high
hái
Adv
more, even more
néng
V
can, be able to, be capable of
ràng
V
to let, to make
shēn tǐ
N
body
jiàn kāng
Adj
healthy
lián
Adv
even
xiǎo hái
N
kids, child, childern|son, daughter
yě
Adv
also
kě yǐ
V
can
hē
V
to drink
yīn cǐ
Conj
therefore
gēn jù
Prep
according to
chuán tǒng
N
tradition
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
měi nián
Adv
every year
de
Ptc
modifier marker
zhēng yuè
N
first month of the Lunar Year
chū yī
N
first day of the Lunar Year
dà xiǎo
N
adults and children
huì
V
will; would; be likely to
tuán jù
V
to get-together, to reunite; reunion of family members (in this lesson)
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
hē
V
to drink
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
xī wàng
V
to hope, to want, to wish
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
xīn
Adj
new
de
Ptc
modifier marker
yì
Num
one
nián
N
year
kě yǐ
V
be able to, can
píng ān
Adj
safe and sound
jiàn kāng
Adj
healthy
zhí dé
V
to be worth, worthy
zhù yì
V
to pay attention to, to take care of
de
Ptc
modifier marker
shì
V
to be
Zhōng guó
Proper Noun
China
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
wén huà
N
culture
shì
V
to be
fēi cháng
Adv
very much, extraordinary
zhòng shì
V
to place emphasis on, to lay stress on, to value
lǐ yí
N
etiquette
de
Ptc
(是)...的／(shì)... de, to focus, it was A that B. This pattern the main message of the sentence.
wèi le
Prep
for the sake of; in order to
biǎo shì
V
to show; to express
zūn zhòng
N
respect
yì bān
Adv
generally
dōu
Adv
all, both
huì
V
will; would; be likely to
qǐng
V
to invite
nián jì
N
age
jiào
Adv
relatively, comparatively
dà
Adj
old
de
Ptc
modifier marker
rén
N
person, people
xiān
Adv
first
hē jiǔ
V
to drink (alcohol)
dàn shì
Conj
but, however
hē
V
to drink
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
de
Ptc
modifier marker
lǐ yí
N
etiquette
què
Adv
but (contrary to expectations)
zhèng hǎo
Adj
just right, just enough
xiāng fǎn
Adj
opposite; contrary
bì xū
Adv
to have to, must, necessarily
xiān
Adv
first
cóng
Prep
from
nián jì
N
age
zuì
Adv
the most
xiǎo
Adj
young
de
Ptc
modifier marker
hē
V
to drink
qǐ
V
to begin
nián jì
N
age
jiào
Adv
relatively, comparatively
dà
Adj
big, large
de
Ptc
modifier marker
zé
Adv
to express contrast with previous sentence
shì
V
to be
zuì hòu
Adv
in the end, finally
cái
Adv
then and only then
hē
V
to drink
zhè
N
since; ever since
shì
V
to be
yīn wèi
Conj
because
nián qīng rén
Phrase
young people
guò nián
V
to spend the Lunar New Year 's holidays, to celebrate the Chinese New Year
dài biǎo
V
to represent, to stand for
zhǎng dà
V
to grow up
le
Ptc
change in situation
yí
Num
one
suì
M
classifier for age
xiān
Adv
first
hē jiǔ
V
to drink (alcohol)
biǎo shì
V
to show; to express
gōng xǐ
N
congratulations
lǎo nián rén
N
old people
guò nián
V
to spend the Lunar New Year 's holidays, to celebrate the Chinese New Year
zé
Adv
to express contrast with previous sentence
dài biǎo
V
to represent, to stand for
yòu
Adv
more
gèng
Adv
further;more|again|besides;also;anew
jiē jìn
V
to get close to
rén shēng
N
life
zhōng diǎn
N
end
le
Ptc
change in situation
yīn cǐ
Conj
therefore
wǎn
Adj
late
yì diǎn
Adv
a little
zài
Adv
then
hē
V
to drink
suī rán
Conj
although
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
hē
V
to drink
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
de
Ptc
modifier marker
xí sú
N
custom
shī chuán
V
to be lost
yǐ
Adv
already
jiǔ
Adj
long
dàn shì
Conj
but, however
yǒu
V
there is;exist
jù
M
classifier for phrases or lines of verse
sú huà
N
common saying
shuō
V
to say, to tell , to talk, to speak
wú jiǔ bù chéng lǐ
Idiom
no wine, no ceremony
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
shì
V
to be
wán chéng
V
to finish, to complete
gè
Pron
each, every
zhǒng
M
classifier for types, kinds
lǐ yí
N
etiquette
de
Ptc
modifier marker
zhòng yào
Adj
important
jué sè
N
role
yīn cǐ
Conj
therefore
zhí dào
V
until
xiàn dài
N
modern times
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
yī rán
Adv
still
shì
V
to be
xǔ duō
Num
many, much, a lot of
rén
N
person, people
huān qìng
V
to celebrate
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
de
Ptc
modifier marker
bì bèi
Adj
essential
wù pĭn
N
stuff
rú jīn
N
nowadays; now
rén men
N
people
duō
Adv
more than
yǐ
Grammar
in accordance with;by
gè zhǒng gè yàng
Phrase
various kinds
de
Ptc
modifier marker
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
qǔ dài
V
to replace
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
wú lùn
Conj
no matter what or how
shì
V
to be
pí jiǔ
N
beer
bái jiǔ
N
(Tw) white wine (abbr. for 白葡萄酒[bai2 pu2 tao5 jiu3])
hóng jiǔ
N
red wine
gāo liáng
N
sorghum
Máo tái
N
maotai liquor
hái shi
Adv
or
wēi shì jì
N
whiskey (loanword)
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
de
Ptc
modifier marker
lèi xíng
N
type
kě yǐ
V
may (permission)
biàn
V
to become, to change, to transform, to alter
dàn shì
Conj
but, however
hē jiǔ
V
to drink (alcohol)
de
Ptc
modifier marker
lǐ yí
N
etiquette
hái shi
Adv
still, yet
bù
Adv
not
biàn
V
to become, to change, to transform, to alter
de
Ptc
(是)...的／(shì)... de, to focus, it was A that B. This pattern the main message of the sentence.
shǒu xiān
Adv
first of all, above all
gěi
Prep
to
bié rén
N
other people
zhēn jiǔ
V
to pour wine or liquor
shí
N
time
zuì hǎo
Adv
(you) had better
shì
V
to be
zhēn
V
to pour
bā
Num
eight
fēn
M
one tenth
mǎn
Adv
full, entire
lìng wài
Conj
in addition, besides, moreover
pèng bēi
V
to cheers
shí
N
time
yào
V
should
shǐ yòng
V
to use;to employ
shuāng shǒu
N
both hands
zuǒ shǒu
N
left hand
fàng
V
to put, to place
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
bēi
N
cup
dǐ
N
bottom
yòu shǒu
N
right hand
ná
V
to hold
zhe
Ptc
action continues
bēi zi
N
cup
zì jǐ
Pron
self
de
Ptc
modifier marker
jiǔ bēi
N
wine cup
yào
V
to need
jǔ
V
to raise
de
Ptc
used after a verb (V, Vp, Vs/Adj) linking it to following Phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc.
bǐ
Prep
(more...) than
bié rén
N
other people
de
Ptc
modifier marker
jiǔ bēi
N
wine cup
dī
Adj
low
yǐ
Grammar
in accordance with;by
biǎo shì
V
to show; to express
zūn zhòng
N
respect
zuì
Adv
the most
zhòng yào
Adj
important
de
Ptc
modifier marker
shì
V
to be
jìngjiǔ
V
to toast
yào
V
to need
zhù yì
V
to pay attention to, to take care of
shùn xù
N
order
yì bān
Adj
common, ordinary
qíng kuàng
N
condition;circumstances
xià
N
(after a noun) under
jìngjiǔ
V
to toast
yīng
V
should
yǐ
Grammar
in accordance with;by
nián líng
N
age
dà
Adj
old
xiǎo
Adj
young
zhí wèi
N
position
gāo
Adj
tall, high
dī
Adj
low
de
Ptc
modifier marker
shēn fèn
N
identity, status, capacity
wéi
Prep
to be
qián hòu
N
before and after
shùn xù
N
order
jìngjiǔ
V
to toast
shí
N
time
zuǐ
N
mouth; beak
lǐ
N
interior, inside
tóng shí
Adv
at the same time, meanwhile
yě
Adv
also
yào
V
should
shuō
V
to say, to tell , to talk, to speak
zhe
Ptc
action continues
jí lì
Adj
auspicious
de
Ptc
modifier marker
huà
N
speech, talk, language; dialect
yóu cǐ kě jiàn
Phrase
from this, it can be seen that...
tuán jù
V
to get-together, to reunite; reunion of family members (in this lesson)
hē jiǔ
V
to drink (alcohol)
hé
Conj
and, as well as
fàng
V
to light; to set off
biān pào
N
firecracker
guà
V
to hang
chūn lián
N
couplets
shì
V
to be
Huá rén
N
ethnic Chinese person or people
cháng jiǔ yǐ lái
Phrase
for a long time
de
Ptc
modifier marker
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
xí sú
N
custom
rén rén
Phrase
everyone, every person
shuō
V
to say, to tell , to talk, to speak
yǒu
V
to have;has;own
jiǔ wèi
N
smell of alcohol
cái
Adv
then and only then
yǒu
V
to have;has;own
nián wèi
N
Spring Festival atmosphere; festive ambiance of Chinese New Year
jiù
Adv
precisely, exactly
shì
V
to be
zhè me
Pron
so; such; this way; like this
chuán
V
to pass down
xià lái
Ptc
V xià lái, a summary of the various meanings of the verb complement, meaning locational, temporal, or a state
de
Ptc
(是)...的／(shì)... de, to focus, it was A that B. This pattern the main message of the sentence.
Song Dynasty.Wáng Ānshí
《Yuán rì》
Bàozhú shēng zhōng yī suì chú,
Chūnfēng sòng nuǎn rù túsū,
Qiān mén wàn hù tóng tóng rì,
Zǒng bǎ xīn táo huàn jiù fú.
What do you think of when it comes to Chinese New Year? Is it the loud firecrackers or the red spring couplets? The ancient Chinese writer Wáng Ānshí once wrote a poem describing the scenes of the Spring Festival, called "Yuán rì". In the poem, there are "Bàozhú" used to drive away
evil spirits, "Túsū jiǔ" drunk by ancient people to avoid
plagues, and "Táofú" hung by the door to drive away evil spirits. In this poem, people think of the various customs and bustling scenes of the ancients celebrating the Spring Festival.
The ancient "Bàozhú" is different from the present firecrackers. In ancient times, "Bàozhú" was used to burn bamboo on the first day of the first lunar month so that the bamboo bursts and made a loud noise, hoping that the noise could be used to drive away evil spirits. Today, this method of bàozhú has been replaced by firecrackers. In addition to bàozhú, "Táofú" is also a must-have item for the ancients to celebrate the Chinese New Year. The ancients believed that on the first day of the first lunar month, write the names of gods on mahogany and then hang these táofús by the door to drive away evil spirits. Later, people began to write some auspicious words on táofús, the origin of "Spring couplets".
Interestingly, drinking Túsū jiǔ during the Spring Festival was also one of the ancient Chinese New Year customs. To date, the custom of drinking Túsū jiǔ during the Spring Festival has been lost. It is said that Túsū jiǔ was brewed by Huà Tuó, a famous doctor in ancient China, who soaked various traditional Chinese medicines in wine. The ancients believed that drinking Túsū jiǔ could prevent
the plague and help people live longer. Since the alcohol concentration of Túsū jiǔ is low, it is also healthy, and even children can drink it. Therefore, it is traditional for families to gather on the first day of the first lunar month every year to drink Túsū jiǔ, hoping to be safe and healthy in the new year. It is important to note that Chinese wine culture greatly emphasizes etiquette. In order to show respect, older people are usually invited to drink first. However, the etiquette for drinking Túsū jiǔ is the opposite, as the youngest people must drink first, and the older ones are the last to drink. This is because the Chinese New Year for young people means they have grown a year older, so they drink first to congratulate themselves. While the Chinese New Year for more senior people means they are closer to the end of their lives, so they drink later.
Although the custom of drinking Túsū jiǔ during the Spring Festival has been lost for a long time, there is a saying that "Wú jiǔ bù chéng lǐ" (no wine no courtesy), and wine plays a vital role in completing different etiquettes. Therefore, wine is still a must-have item for
many people to celebrate the Spring Festival until today. Nowadays, people often replace Túsū jiǔ with various kinds of alcohol. Whether beer, white wine, red wine, Sorghum, Moutai, or Whiskey, the type of wine can change, but the drinking etiquette remains the same. First, when pouring wine for others, it is best not to pour a full glass. In addition, when clinking glasses, you should use both hands, with your left hand at the bottom of the glass and your right hand holding the glass while holding your glass lower than the other person's glass to show respect. The most important thing is to pay attention to the order of toasting. Generally, the toasting should be in the order of age and status. When toasting, you should also say encouraging words at the same time.
It can be seen that reunion drinking is a long-standing Chinese New Year custom, as are firecrackers and Spring Festival couplets. Everyone says that the taste of wine is the taste of the Chinese New Year, and that's how it has been passed down.
(N)
xiǎng shēng
sound
HSK6
(V)
miáo shù
to describe
HSK4
(N)
chǎng jǐng
scenes
HSK6
(Prep)
wéi
to be
N/A
(Grammar)
yǐ
in accordance with;by
HSK7-9
(V)
qū zhú
to banish
HSK7-9
(V)
qǔ dài
to replace
HSK7-9
(Adj)
bì bèi
essential
N/A
(Adj)
jí lì
auspicious
HSK6
(V)
shī chuán
to be lost
HSK7-9
(V)
pào
to soak
HSK6
(V)
niàng
to brew
N/A
(Adj)
cháng jiǔ
permanently;for a long time
HSK6
(V)
tuán jù
to get-together, to reunite; reunion of family members (in this lesson)
HSK7-9
(N)
lǐ yí
etiquette
HSK7-9
(N)
zūn zhòng
respect
HSK5
(N)
sú huà
common saying
HSK7-9
(V)
zhēn
to pour
N/A
(V)
jìngjiǔ
to toast
HSK7-9
(N)
zhí wèi
position
N/A
(N)
shùn xù
order
HSK4
•可说明"特色"、"为什么要喝"、"喝酒时间"
•介绍"作者"、"内容"、"关键字"
•请说出"斟酒"、"碰杯"、"敬酒"礼仪
Sòng dài
the Song dynasty (960-1279)
Wáng ān shí
Song dynasty politician and writer, one of the Eight Giants
Yuán rì
a seven-character quatrain, a poem depicting the Lunar New Year.Wang Zhihuan composed in the Song Dynasty.
bào zhú shēng
N
sound of firecrackers
zhōng
N
in, among, admidst
yí
N
one
suì
N
year
chú
V
to remove
chūn fēng
N
spring breeze
sòng
V
to deliver
nuǎn
Vs/Adj
warm
rù
V
to enter
Tú sū
Tusu wine
qiān mén wàn hù
Phrase
numerous housholds
tóng tóng
Vs/Adj
describe the scene or other objects as bright and radiant
rì
N
sun
zǒng
Adv
always
bǎ
Ptc
with resulative complements
xīn
Vs/Adj
new
táo
N
peach charm
huàn
V
to exchange,to switch
jiù
Vs/Adj
used, old
fú
N
symbol
shuō dào
Phrase
to talk about, to mention, speaking of
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
nǐ
N
you
huì
Vaux
will; would; be likely to
xiǎng dào
Phrase
to think of
shén me
N
what
shì
Vst
to be
xiǎng shēng
N
sound
jí
Adv
very, extremely
dà
Vs/Adj
big, large
de
Ptc
modifier marker
biān pào
N
firecracker
hái shì
Conj
or
hóng tōng tōng
Vs/Adj
bright red; glowing; all of in a glow
de
Ptc
modifier marker
chūn lián
N
couplets
Zhōng guó
Proper Noun
China
gǔ dài
N
ancient times
wén xué jiā
N
writer;man of letters
Wáng ān shí
Song dynasty politician and writer, one of the Eight Giants
céng
Adv
once
xiě
V
to write
chū
V
to go out, to come out
miáo shù
V
to describe
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
chǎng jǐng
N
scenes
de
Ptc
modifier marker
yì
N
one
shǒu
M
measure word for poems and songs
shī
N
poetry
míng
N
name
wéi
Prep
to be
Yuán rì
a seven-character quatrain, a poem depicting the Lunar New Year.Wang Zhihuan composed in the Song Dynasty.
shī
N
poetry
lǐ
N
interior, inside
chú le
Prep
except, besides, in addition to
yǒu
Vst
there is;exist
yòng
V
to use
yǐ
Grammar
in accordance with;by
qū zhú
V
to banish
xié wù
N
evil thing
de
Ptc
modifier marker
bào zhú
N
firecracker
hái
Adv
also, in addition to
yǒu
Vst
there is;exist
gǔ rén
N
people of ancient times
hē
V
to drink
lái
N
來(lái)+V, to come to do something
bì miǎn
V
to avoid
wēn yì
N
plague
de
Ptc
modifier marker
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
gèng
Adv
further; more
yǒu
Vst
there is;exist
guà
V
to hang
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
mén
N
door, gate
biān
N
side, refer to sides of a point of reference
yǐ
Grammar
in accordance with;by
zhī
Ptc
of
qū zhú
V
to banish
xié wù
N
evil thing
de
Ptc
modifier marker
táo fú
N
peach charm
ràng
V
to let, to make
rén men
N
people
kě yǐ
Vaux
can
cóng
Prep
from
shī
N
poetry
zhōng
N
in, among, admidst
xiǎng qǐ
Vp
to recall
gǔ rén
N
people of ancient times
huān qìng
Vp
to celebrate
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
de
Ptc
modifier marker
gè
Det
each, every
zhǒng
M
classifier for types, kinds
xí sú
N
custom
yǔ
Conj
and
rè nào
Vs/Adj
bustling with noise and excitement, lively
chǎng jǐng
N
scenes
gǔ shí
Phrase
de
Ptc
modifier marker
bào zhú
N
firecracker
yǔ
Conj
and
xiàn dài rén
Phrase
modern day people, people today
fàng
V
to light; to set off
de
Ptc
modifier marker
biān pào
N
firecracker
bù
Adv
not
gǔ shí
Phrase
de
Ptc
modifier marker
bào zhú
N
firecracker
shì
Vst
to be
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
nóng lì
N
lunar calendar
zhēng yuè
N
first month of the Lunar Year
chū yī
N
first day of the Lunar Year
shí
N
time
tōng guò
Prep
by means of;by way of;by;through;via
shāo
V
to burn
zhú zi
N
bamboo
de
Ptc
modifier marker
fāng shì
N
way; method
ràng
V
to let, to make
zhú zi
N
bamboo
bào liè
Vi
to explode
yǐ
Grammar
in accordance with;by
fā chū
V
to issue (an order, decree etc)
xiǎng shēng
N
sound
xī wàng
Vst
to hope, to want, to wish
kě yǐ
Vaux
can
yòng lái
Vst
to be used to
qū zhú
V
to banish
xié wù
N
evil thing
rú jīn
N
nowadays; now
zhè
Det
this, these
zhǒng
M
classifier for types, kinds
bào zhú
N
firecracker
de
Ptc
modifier marker
fāng shì
N
way; method
yǐ jīng
Adv
already, have + p.p.
bèi
Ptc
a passive marker, is commonly used in translating English passive sentences
biān pào
N
firecracker
suǒ
Ptc
a verbal marker (marking what comes after as a verb)
qǔ dài
V
to replace
chú le
Prep
except, besides, in addition to
bào zhú
N
firecracker
táo fú
N
peach charm
yě
Adv
also
shì
Vst
to be
gǔ rén
N
people of ancient times
guò nián
V-sep
to spend the Lunar New Year 's holidays, to celebrate the Chinese New Year
bì bèi
Vs/Adj
essential
de
Ptc
modifier marker
dōng xi
N
things, stuff
gǔ rén
N
people of ancient times
xiāng xìn
Vst
to believe in, to trust
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
zhēng yuè
N
first month of the Lunar Year
chū yī
N
first day of the Lunar Year
yòng
V
to use
táo mù
N
mahogany
xiě
V
to write
shàng
Ptc
start to connect
shén míng
N
god
míng zì
N
name
zài
Adv
then
bǎ
Ptc
moving an object to a location
zhè xiē
Phrase
these
táo fú
N
peach charm
guà
V
to hang
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
mén
N
door, gate
biān
N
side, refer to sides of a point of reference
jiù
Adv
then; in that case
néng
Vaux
can, be able to, be capable of
qū zhú
V
to banish
xié wù
N
evil thing
hòu lái
Adv
afterwards, later, then
rén men
N
people
kāi shǐ
Vp
to begin, to start to
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
táo fú
N
peach charm
xiě
V
to write
jí lì
Vs/Adj
auspicious
de
Ptc
modifier marker
huà
N
speech, talk, language; dialect
zhè
Det
this, these
jiù
Adv
precisely, exactly
shì
Vst
to be
chūn lián
N
couplets
de
Ptc
modifier marker
yóu lái
N
origin
yǒu qù
Vs/Adj
interesting
de
Ptc
modifier marker
shì
Vst
to be
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
hē
V
to drink
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
yě
Adv
also
shì
Vst
to be
gǔ dài
N
ancient times
guò nián
V-sep
to spend the Lunar New Year 's holidays, to celebrate the Chinese New Year
de
Ptc
modifier marker
xí sú
N
custom
zhī yī
Phrase
one of (sth)
zhì jīn
Adv
until now
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
yǐn yòng
Vi
to drink
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
de
Ptc
modifier marker
xí sú
N
custom
yǐ jīng
Adv
already, have + p.p.
shī chuán
Vi
to be lost
jù shuō
Vp-sep
it is said that; reportedly
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
shì
Vst
to be
Zhōng guó
Proper Noun
China
gǔ dài
N
ancient times
míng yī
N
famous doctor
Huá tuó
Hua Tuo (?-208), famous doctor at the end of Han Dynasty
bǎ
Ptc
with resulative complements
gè
Det
each, every
zhǒng
M
classifier for types, kinds
zhōng yào
N
traditional Chinese medicine
pào
V
to soak
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
zhōng
N
in, among, admidst
ér
Conj
then, so that
niàng
V
to brew
chéng
Ptc
into
de
Ptc
(是)...的／(shì)... de, to focus, it was A that B. This pattern the main message of the sentence.
gǔ rén
N
people of ancient times
xiāng xìn
Vst
to believe in, to trust
hē
V
to drink
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
kě yǐ
Vaux
can
bì miǎn
V
to avoid
wēn yì
N
plague
ràng
V
to let, to make
rén
N
person, people
huó
Vs/Adj
to live, to stay active, to survive
de
Ptc
used after a verb (V, Vp, Vs/Adj) linking it to following Phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc.
gèng
Adv
further; more
cháng jiǔ
Vs/Adj
permanently;for a long time
yóu yú
Conj
thanks to;due to;because of
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
de
Ptc
modifier marker
jiǔ jīng
N
alcohol
nóng dù
N
concentration (percentage of dissolved material in a solution)
bù
Adv
not
gāo
Vs/Adj
high
hái
Adv
more, even more
néng
Vaux
can, be able to, be capable of
ràng
V
to let, to make
shēn tǐ
N
body
jiàn kāng
Vs/Adj
healthy
lián
Adv
even
xiǎo hái
N
kids, child, childern|son, daughter
yě
Adv
also
kě yǐ
Vaux
can
hē
V
to drink
yīn cǐ
Conj
therefore
gēn jù
Prep
according to
chuán tǒng
N
tradition
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
měi nián
Adv
every year
de
Ptc
modifier marker
zhēng yuè
N
first month of the Lunar Year
chū yī
N
first day of the Lunar Year
dà xiǎo
N
adults and children
huì
Vaux
will; would; be likely to
tuán jù
Vi
to get-together, to reunite; reunion of family members (in this lesson)
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
hē
V
to drink
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
xī wàng
Vst
to hope, to want, to wish
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
xīn
Vs/Adj
new
de
Ptc
modifier marker
yì
N
one
nián
N
year
kě yǐ
Vaux
be able to, can
píng ān
Vs/Adj
safe and sound
jiàn kāng
Vs/Adj
healthy
zhí dé
Vs/Adj
to be worth, worthy
zhù yì
V
to pay attention to, to take care of
de
Ptc
modifier marker
shì
Vst
to be
Zhōng guó
Proper Noun
China
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
wén huà
N
culture
shì
Vst
to be
fēi cháng
Adv
very much, extraordinary
zhòng shì
Vst
to place emphasis on, to lay stress on, to value
lǐ yí
N
etiquette
de
Ptc
(是)...的／(shì)... de, to focus, it was A that B. This pattern the main message of the sentence.
wèi le
Prep
for the sake of; in order to
biǎo shì
V
to show; to express
zūn zhòng
N
respect
yì bān
Adv
generally
dōu
Adv
all, both
huì
Vaux
will; would; be likely to
qǐng
V
to invite
nián jì
N
age
jiào
Adv
relatively, comparatively
dà
Vs/Adj
old
de
Ptc
modifier marker
rén
N
person, people
xiān
Adv
first
hē jiǔ
Vs-sep
to drink (alcohol)
dàn shì
Conj
but, however
hē
V
to drink
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
de
Ptc
modifier marker
lǐ yí
N
etiquette
què
Adv
but (contrary to expectations)
zhèng hǎo
Adv
just right, just enough
xiāng fǎn
Vs/Adj
opposite; contrary
bì xū
Vaux
to have to, must, necessarily
xiān
Adv
first
cóng
Prep
from
nián jì
N
age
zuì
Adv
the most
xiǎo
Vs/Adj
young
de
Ptc
modifier marker
hē
V
to drink
qǐ
V
to begin
nián jì
N
age
jiào
Adv
relatively, comparatively
dà
Vs/Adj
big, large
de
Ptc
modifier marker
zé
Adv
to express contrast with previous sentence
shì
Vst
to be
zuì hòu
Adv
in the end, finally
cái
Adv
then and only then
hē
V
to drink
zhè
N
since; ever since
shì
Vst
to be
yīn wèi
Conj
because
nián qīng rén
Phrase
young people
guò nián
V-sep
to spend the Lunar New Year 's holidays, to celebrate the Chinese New Year
dài biǎo
V
to represent, to stand for
zhǎng dà
Vp-sep
to grow up
le
Ptc
change in situation
yí
N
one
suì
M
classifier for age
xiān
Adv
first
hē jiǔ
Vs-sep
to drink (alcohol)
biǎo shì
V
to show; to express
gōng xǐ
N
congratulations
lǎo nián rén
N
old people
guò nián
V-sep
to spend the Lunar New Year 's holidays, to celebrate the Chinese New Year
zé
Adv
to express contrast with previous sentence
dài biǎo
V
to represent, to stand for
yòu
Adv
more
gèng
Adv
further;more|again|besides;also;anew
jiē jìn
Vpt
to get close to
rén shēng
N
life
zhōng diǎn
N
end
le
Ptc
change in situation
yīn cǐ
Conj
therefore
wǎn
Vs/Adj
late
yì diǎn
Adv
a little
zài
Adv
then
hē
V
to drink
suī rán
Conj
although
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
hē
V
to drink
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
de
Ptc
modifier marker
xí sú
N
custom
shī chuán
Vi
to be lost
yǐ
Adv
already
jiǔ
Vs/Adj
long
dàn shì
Conj
but, however
yǒu
Vst
there is;exist
jù
M
classifier for phrases or lines of verse
sú huà
N
common saying
shuō
V
to say, to tell , to talk, to speak
wú jiǔ bù chéng lǐ
Idiom
no wine, no ceremony
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
shì
Vst
to be
wán chéng
V
to finish, to complete
gè
Det
each, every
zhǒng
M
classifier for types, kinds
lǐ yí
N
etiquette
de
Ptc
modifier marker
zhòng yào
Vs/Adj
important
jiǎo sè
N
role
yīn cǐ
Conj
therefore
zhí dào
Prep
until
xiàn dài
N
modern times
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
yī rán
Adv
still
shì
Vst
to be
xǔ duō
Det
many, much, a lot of
rén
N
person, people
huān qìng
V
to celebrate
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
de
Ptc
modifier marker
bì bèi
Vs/Adj
essential
wù pĭn
N
stuff
rú jīn
N
nowadays; now
rén men
N
people
duō
Adv
more than
yǐ
Grammar
in accordance with;by
gè zhǒng gè yàng
Phrase
various kinds
de
Ptc
modifier marker
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
qǔ dài
V
to replace
Tú sū
Tusu wine
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
wú lùn
Conj
no matter what or how
shì
Vst
to be
pí jiǔ
N
beer
bái jiǔ
N
(Tw) white wine (abbr. for 白葡萄酒[bai2 pu2 tao5 jiu3])
hóng jiǔ
N
red wine
gāo liáng
N
sorghum
Máo tái
N
maotai liquor
hái shì
Adv
or
wēi shì jì
N
whiskey (loanword)
jiǔ
N
wine; liquor
de
Ptc
modifier marker
lèi xíng
N
type
kě yǐ
Vaux
may (permission)
biàn
Vp
to become, to change, to transform, to alter
dàn shì
Conj
but, however
hē jiǔ
Vs-sep
to drink (alcohol)
de
Ptc
modifier marker
lǐ yí
N
etiquette
hái shì
Adv
still, yet
bù
Adv
not
biàn
Vp
to become, to change, to transform, to alter
de
Ptc
(是)...的／(shì)... de, to focus, it was A that B. This pattern the main message of the sentence.
shǒu xiān
Adv
first of all, above all
gěi
Prep
to
bié rén
N
other people
zhēn jiǔ
Vp
to pour wine or liquor
shí
N
time
zuì hǎo
Adv
(you) had better
shì
Vst
to be
zhēn
V
to pour
bā
N
eight
fēn
M
one tenth
mǎn
Adv
full, entire
lìng wài
Conj
in addition, besides, moreover
pèng bēi
Vp
to cheers
shí
N
time
yào
Vaux
should
shǐ yòng
V
to use;to employ
shuāng shǒu
N
both hands
zuǒ shǒu
N
left hand
fàng
V
to put, to place
zài
Prep
be at, be in, be on
bēi
N
cup
dǐ
N
bottom
yòu shǒu
N
right hand
ná
V
to hold
zhe
Ptc
action continues
bēi zi
N
cup
zì jǐ
N
self
de
Ptc
modifier marker
jiǔ bēi
N
wine cup
yào
Vaux
to need
jǔ
V
to raise
de
Ptc
used after a verb (V, Vp, Vs/Adj) linking it to following Phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc.
bǐ
Prep
(more...) than
bié rén
N
other people
de
Ptc
modifier marker
jiǔ bēi
N
wine cup
dī
Vs/Adj
low
yǐ
Grammar
in accordance with;by
biǎo shì
V
to show; to express
zūn zhòng
N
respect
zuì
Adv
the most
zhòng yào
Vs/Adj
important
de
Ptc
modifier marker
shì
Vst
to be
jìng jiǔ
V-sep
to toast
yào
Vaux
to need
zhù yì
V
to pay attention to, to take care of
shùn xù
N
order
yì bān
Vs/Adj
common, ordinary
qíng kuàng
N
condition;circumstances
xià
N
(after a noun) under
jìng jiǔ
V-sep
to toast
yīng
Vaux
should
yǐ
Grammar
in accordance with;by
nián líng
N
age
dà
Vs/Adj
old
xiǎo
Vs/Adj
young
zhí wèi
N
position
gāo
Vs/Adj
tall, high
dī
Vs/Adj
low
de
Ptc
modifier marker
shēn fèn
N
identity, status, capacity
wéi
Prep
to be
qián hòu
N
before and after
shùn xù
N
order
jìng jiǔ
V-sep
to toast
shí
N
time
zuǐ
N
mouth; beak
lǐ
N
interior, inside
tóng shí
Adv
at the same time, meanwhile
yě
Adv
also
yào
Vaux
should
shuō
V
to say, to tell , to talk, to speak
zhe
Ptc
action continues
jí lì
Vs/Adj
auspicious
de
Ptc
modifier marker
huà
N
speech, talk, language; dialect
yóu cǐ kě jiàn
Phrase
from this, it can be seen that...
tuán jù
Vi
to get-together, to reunite; reunion of family members (in this lesson)
hē jiǔ
Vs-sep
to drink (alcohol)
hàn
Conj
and, as well as
fàng
V
to light; to set off
biān pào
N
firecracker
guà
V
to hang
chūn lián
N
couplets
shì
Vst
to be
Huá rén
N
ethnic Chinese person or people
cháng jiǔ yǐ lái
Phrase
for a long time
de
Ptc
modifier marker
Chūn jié
N
Chinese New Year
xí sú
N
custom
rén rén
Phrase
everyone, every person
shuō
V
to say, to tell , to talk, to speak
yǒu
Vst
to have;has;own
jiǔ wèi
N
smell of alcohol
cái
Adv
then and only then
yǒu
Vst
to have;has;own
nián wèi
N
Spring Festival atmosphere; festive ambiance of Chinese New Year
jiù
Adv
precisely, exactly
shì
Vst
to be
zhè me
Adv
so; such; this way; like this
chuán
V
to pass down
xià lái
Ptc
V xià lái, a summary of the various meanings of the verb complement, meaning locational, temporal, or a state
de
Ptc
(是)...的／(shì)... de, to focus, it was A that B. This pattern the main message of the sentence.
Song Dynasty.Wáng Ānshí
《Yuán rì》
Bàozhú shēng zhōng yī suì chú,
Chūnfēng sòng nuǎn rù túsū,
Qiān mén wàn hù tóng tóng rì,
Zǒng bǎ xīn táo huàn jiù fú.
What do you think of when it comes to Chinese New Year? Is it the loud firecrackers or the red spring couplets? The ancient Chinese writer Wáng Ānshí once wrote a poem describing the scenes of the Spring Festival, called "Yuán rì". In the poem, there are "Bàozhú" used to drive away
evil spirits, "Túsū jiǔ" drunk by ancient people to avoid
plagues, and "Táofú" hung by the door to drive away evil spirits. In this poem, people think of the various customs and bustling scenes of the ancients celebrating the Spring Festival.
The ancient "Bàozhú" is different from the present firecrackers. In ancient times, "Bàozhú" was used to burn bamboo on the first day of the first lunar month so that the bamboo bursts and made a loud noise, hoping that the noise could be used to drive away evil spirits. Today, this method of bàozhú has been replaced by firecrackers. In addition to bàozhú, "Táofú" is also a must-have item for the ancients to celebrate the Chinese New Year. The ancients believed that on the first day of the first lunar month, write the names of gods on mahogany and then hang these táofús by the door to drive away evil spirits. Later, people began to write some auspicious words on táofús, the origin of "Spring couplets".
Interestingly, drinking Túsū jiǔ during the Spring Festival was also one of the ancient Chinese New Year customs. To date, the custom of drinking Túsū jiǔ during the Spring Festival has been lost. It is said that Túsū jiǔ was brewed by Huà Tuó, a famous doctor in ancient China, who soaked various traditional Chinese medicines in wine. The ancients believed that drinking Túsū jiǔ could prevent
the plague and help people live longer. Since the alcohol concentration of Túsū jiǔ is low, it is also healthy, and even children can drink it. Therefore, it is traditional for families to gather on the first day of the first lunar month every year to drink Túsū jiǔ, hoping to be safe and healthy in the new year. It is important to note that Chinese wine culture greatly emphasizes etiquette. In order to show respect, older people are usually invited to drink first. However, the etiquette for drinking Túsū jiǔ is the opposite, as the youngest people must drink first, and the older ones are the last to drink. This is because the Chinese New Year for young people means they have grown a year older, so they drink first to congratulate themselves. While the Chinese New Year for more senior people means they are closer to the end of their lives, so they drink later.
Although the custom of drinking Túsū jiǔ during the Spring Festival has been lost for a long time, there is a saying that "Wú jiǔ bù chéng lǐ" (no wine no courtesy), and wine plays a vital role in completing different etiquettes. Therefore, wine is still a must-have item for
many people to celebrate the Spring Festival until today. Nowadays, people often replace Túsū jiǔ with various kinds of alcohol. Whether beer, white wine, red wine, Sorghum, Moutai, or Whiskey, the type of wine can change, but the drinking etiquette remains the same. First, when pouring wine for others, it is best not to pour a full glass. In addition, when clinking glasses, you should use both hands, with your left hand at the bottom of the glass and your right hand holding the glass while holding your glass lower than the other person's glass to show respect. The most important thing is to pay attention to the order of toasting. Generally, the toasting should be in the order of age and status. When toasting, you should also say encouraging words at the same time.
It can be seen that reunion drinking is a long-standing Chinese New Year custom, as are firecrackers and Spring Festival couplets. Everyone says that the taste of wine is the taste of the Chinese New Year, and that's how it has been passed down.
(N)
xiǎng shēng
sound
TOCFL6
(V)
miáo shù
to describe
TOCFL5
(N)
chǎng jǐng
scenes
TOCFL5
(Prep)
wéi
to be
TOCFL6
(Grammar)
yǐ
in accordance with;by
TOCFL5
(V)
qū zhú
to banish
TOCFL6
(V)
qǔ dài
to replace
TOCFL5
(Vs/Adj)
bì bèi
essential
TOCFL5
(Vs/Adj)
jí lì
auspicious
TOCFL6
(Vi)
shī chuán
to be lost
TOCFL7
(V)
pào
to soak
TOCFL3
(V)
niàng
to brew
N/A
(Vs/Adj)
cháng jiǔ
permanently;for a long time
TOCFL5
(Vi)
tuán jù
to get-together, to reunite; reunion of family members (in this lesson)
TOCFL5
(N)
lǐ yí
etiquette
TOCFL5
(N)
zūn zhòng
respect
TOCFL5
(N)
sú huà
common saying
TOCFL5
(V)
zhēn
to pour
TOCFL7
(V-sep)
jìng jiǔ
to toast
TOCFL5
(N)
zhí wèi
position
TOCFL5
(N)
shùn xù
order
TOCFL5
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